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In climate and ocean prediction, including subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) timescales, observations of the ocean, atmosphere and other components of the Earth system are crucial for accurately estimating the initial conditions that drive numerical models. These observation data not only enhance prediction accuracy but also serve as a foundation for the development of prediction systems with significant societal benefits. Evaluating the impact of these observations on prediction systems is essential to justify the continued operation and expansion of observing networks. The United Nations Ocean Decade Project "Synergistic Observing Network for Ocean Prediction" (SynObs) is advancing efforts to assess the importance of ocean observing systems in both oceanic and atmospheric predictions. This session, organized by SynObs, seeks to highlight the potential of these evaluation activities and foster collaboration between observation and prediction communities. The primary goal is to effectively use the evaluation results to design and optimize the global observing network for both oceanic and atmospheric predictions. The focus of the session is not limited to ocean observations but extended to observations throughout the whole earth system. We invite contributions from ongoing studies and proposals that assess the impact of various observing systems on ocean, climate and coupled earth system predictions at any time scale. This session provides a platform for sharing insights, discussing best practices, and identifying opportunities to enhance the global observing infrastructure in the ocean and climate prediction.