The ocean is the primary energy source for tropical cyclones (TCs), making TC-ocean interactions fundamental to understanding changes in TC intensity and genesis. These interactions involve complex exchanges of heat, moisture, and momentum across the air-sea interface, shaping outcomes on both short-term weather and long-term climate scales. On weather timescales, TC-ocean feedbacks play a critical role in intensity forecasts. Strong TC winds cool the sea surface through processes such as vertical mixing and upwelling, while wind-driven ocean waves and spray further influence enthalpy and momentum transfer between ocean and atmosphere. Despite advances, important questions remain regarding the impacts of TCs on the ocean, including heat storage, marine heatwaves, biogeochemical cycles, and marine productivity. On climate timescales, the evolution of the ocean strongly influences future TC activity, with profound societal implications. Large-scale climate modes such as the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), and Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation (AMO), along with anthropogenic warming, further modulate TC-ocean coupled dynamics. This session welcomes submissions across the full spectrum of TC-ocean interactions: from short-term physical processes to long-term climatic impacts, and from the deep ocean to coastal regions.

The ocean is the primary energy source for tropical cyclones (TCs), making TC-ocean interactions fundamental to understanding changes in TC intensity and genesis. These interactions involve complex exchanges of heat, moisture, and momentum across the air-sea interface, shaping outcomes on both short-term weather and long-term climate scales. On weather timescales, TC-ocean feedbacks play a critical role in intensity forecasts. Strong TC winds cool the sea surface through processes such as vertical mixing and upwelling, while wind-driven ocean waves and spray further influence enthalpy and momentum transfer between ocean and atmosphere. Despite advances, important questions remain regarding the impacts of TCs on the ocean, including heat storage, marine heatwaves, biogeochemical cycles, and marine productivity. On climate timescales, the evolution of the ocean strongly influences future TC activity, with profound societal implications. Large-scale climate modes such as the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), and Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation (AMO), along with anthropogenic warming, further modulate TC-ocean coupled dynamics. This session welcomes submissions across the full spectrum of TC-ocean interactions: from short-term physical processes to long-term climatic impacts, and from the deep ocean to coastal regions.