The tropical monsoon system spans the African, Indian, Australian, and East Asian Monsoons. Driven by ocean-land thermal contrasts, it interacts with the global climate system. On tectonic time scales, the uplift of the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau has been considered a significant factor in the establishment and intensification of tropical monsoon, though its importance remains debated. Paleoclimate records suggest that monsoon evolution during the Cenozoic era was also substantially influenced by global climate changes related to changes in atmospheric CO2.
The Indo-Pacific oceanography also plays a crucial role in generating land-ocean thermal contrast and water vapor circulation. The region's West Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP), the largest heat reservoir in the global ocean, significantly contributes to atmospheric heat and moisture, influencing the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) climate pattern. The constriction of the Indonesian Seaways during the Neogene has had a major impact on the formation of the WPWP and consequently affects ENSO dynamics. However, the precise timing and mechanism of this process are still under debate.
This session aims to assess the relative importance of these processes on different time scales, from millennial to tectonic. The goal is to enhance our understanding of the evolution of the tropical Monsoon, WPWP, and ENSO variability. It also seeks to explore the controlling factors and interactions with the global climate system. Presentations based on various archives such as piston cores, DSDP/ODP/IODP cores, and land sections are encouraged. These studies welcome a broad range of paleo-environmental proxies, including geochemistry, geophysics, sedimentology, and micropaleontology. Modeling studies are also welcome to complement the proxy-based research.

The tropical monsoon system spans the African, Indian, Australian, and East Asian Monsoons. Driven by ocean-land thermal contrasts, it interacts with the global climate system. On tectonic time scales, the uplift of the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau has been considered a significant factor in the establishment and intensification of tropical monsoon, though its importance remains debated. Paleoclimate records suggest that monsoon evolution during the Cenozoic era was also substantially influenced by global climate changes related to changes in atmospheric CO2.
The Indo-Pacific oceanography also plays a crucial role in generating land-ocean thermal contrast and water vapor circulation. The region's West Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP), the largest heat reservoir in the global ocean, significantly contributes to atmospheric heat and moisture, influencing the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) climate pattern. The constriction of the Indonesian Seaways during the Neogene has had a major impact on the formation of the WPWP and consequently affects ENSO dynamics. However, the precise timing and mechanism of this process are still under debate.
This session aims to assess the relative importance of these processes on different time scales, from millennial to tectonic. The goal is to enhance our understanding of the evolution of the tropical Monsoon, WPWP, and ENSO variability. It also seeks to explore the controlling factors and interactions with the global climate system. Presentations based on various archives such as piston cores, DSDP/ODP/IODP cores, and land sections are encouraged. These studies welcome a broad range of paleo-environmental proxies, including geochemistry, geophysics, sedimentology, and micropaleontology. Modeling studies are also welcome to complement the proxy-based research.