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Recent submarine eruptions in island arc settings, including those at Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba, Sofu Seamount, and Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai, have drawn new attention to the proximal and distal hazards of submarine eruptions that include pumice rafts, tsunami activity, and destruction of seafloor infrastructure. Elsewhere, long-term detailed geochemical and geophysical observations of deep submarine mafic eruptions such as at Axial Seamount and Fani Maore (Mayotte) have enabled new insights connecting their eruption dynamics, magma plumbing systems, and tectonic context. These modern eruption observations add to the studies of submarine volcanic edifices that together are revealing the full history, causes and impacts of submarine eruptions, such as in the Ogasawara islands where volcanic edifices record the evolution of submarine volcanism from subduction initiation at 52 Ma to the present-day, and where the andesite eruptions of Nishinoshima are proposed to represent continental crust formation through submarine volcanism in thin arc crust. Comprehensive investigations are required not only to improve our ability to predict and mitigate submarine eruption hazards but also to elucidate the fundamental geological processes that control the occurrence and consequences of submarine volcanism. Considering the diversity of submarine volcanism across island arcs, mid-ocean ridges, hotspots, and large oceanic plateaus, we welcome active participation and contributions from researchers who are observing, analyzing, and modeling submarine volcanism.