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The history of modern observation in earth and planetary sciences is often far shorter compared with the timescales of their interests. Investigation of the long-term variations and occurrences of extremely rare events requires effective use of information derived from historical documents observed and recorded by pre-modern people. Thus, historical documents have been referred in various fields of earth and planetary sciences such as seismology, climatology, meteorology and astronomy. Sharing their records, methods and experiences will be beneficial for each field and bring new insights. It is also essential to involve experienced historians because one needs to carefully investigate the reliability and the context of each document in order to use it as scientific data. On the other hand, analyzing the record in the historical documents with the eyes of modern science may also bring new insights to the historians. Cooperative work between historians and earth scientists will provide better knowledge on disaster mitigation, and science, technology and society through understanding of human reaction to historical disasters. In this session we overview the studies using the historical documents in various fields of the earth and planetary sciences as well as the recent advances in related topics such as historical-data assimilation and digital humanities, such as AI character recognition. The aim is to promote the communication and dialogues among the researchers in various background, and thus foster the new ideas and collaborations in the study of "History X Earth and Planetary Science."