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Under greenhouse warming, the (sub)Arctic Ocean is experiencing rapid changes. As sea ice melts, the exposed ocean surface is expected to produce more pronounced variations, such as ocean eddies, ocean extremes and climate oscillations. The Arctic has undergone abrupt shifts in the past decades regarding sea ice, water masses, atmospheric circulations. This session welcomes contributions that address the trends, transitions, and associated mechanisms in the Arctic Ocean.

The subarctic oceans are largely affected by the increasing freshwater from the Arctic, for example, decline of the deep convection. The biogeochemical processes and ecosystems are being impacted by the rapidly changing (sub)Arctic Ocean. This session aims to advance the interdisciplinary understanding of the physical, biogeochemical, ecological impacts under the background of climate change, and we encourage submissions covering a range of approaches from observation to modelling.