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Why Venus and the earth are environmentally so different is a fundamental question of the solar system evolution. Our knowledge about Venus has advanced with ESA's Venus Express and JAXA's Akatsuki missions mostly about its atmosphere (the former is primarily for the chemistry and the latter for the dynamics). Two of the upcoming 3 Venus missions, NASA's VERITAS and ESA's EnVision, are more focused on the geology, interior and evolution of the solid body with synthetic aperture radar technique. Another NASA mission DAVINCI will sense both the atmosphere and the surface by a descent probe. More recent moves include: approval of Venus Orbiter Mission (VOM) by the Indian government; upgrading of Chinese VOICE mission to a Venus sample return mission; and the first private sector Venus mission (launch scheduled late 2024).
This momentum is supported by the analysis studies with the previous and the current Venus missions, numerical simulations (recently with data assimilation), ground-based observations, laboratory experiments, etc. This session will therefore cover all aspects of science related to Venus, from its interior to the surrounding plasma environment, either by observationally or by theoretically. Implications to the exoplanets are also important objectives of studies of Venus. Contributions by all levels, from early-career researchers to experts, are all welcome.