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Not only national space agencies but some universities and even companies in the world are now leading a number of space science and exploration missions and also energetically initiating new research activities for satellite and rocket developments and international collaborations in these days because the Earth observations from the space and the space explorations could be achieved much easier than a few decades ago (e.g. ultra-small satellite). The deployment to the space, which itself is not purely a scientific purpose but one of methods for better sciences, is vigorously motivating the technical innovation and the educational development. For successful space missions, it is also crucial to research and develop aim-oriented on-board instruments, and the fundamental research and development of observational instrumentation with future perspectives could totally lead space missions in some case. Detailed investigation and evaluation on various on-board instruments are needed during their proposals, selections, and fabrications in order to promote the missions, and inevitably we have to make multi-sided arrangements and evolution at every process and aspect of any type of space missions, independently of their mission sizes. In this session, we focus on these comprehensive research activities in the space and astronomy missions, including the mission integrations and the individual instrumental developments, and we also call many presentations showing the uniqueness and renovation regarding the mission strategy and methodology, and the status and latest results in the related state-of-the-art researches and developments, which would provide all of researchers and developers with invaluable opportunities for active discussion, information sharing, and collaboration toward the realization of more missions for more fruitful space sciences and explorations in nearer future.